E&TC / ECE · Agriculture electronics · Final year project
Automatic Plant Irrigation Using PIC
An automatic irrigation controller with a PIC microcontroller. It reads soil moisture probes and runs the water pump through a relay only when the soil is dry, reducing water use and manual effort.
What is the Automatic Plant Irrigation Using PIC project?
An automatic irrigation controller with a PIC microcontroller. It reads soil moisture probes and runs the water pump through a relay only when the soil is dry, reducing water use and manual effort.
Key facts
- Domain
- Agriculture electronics projects
- Type
- Final year project · Intermediate
- Suitable for
- Diploma capstone and B.E / B.Tech final year
- Build time
- 4 to 6 weeks
- Estimated component cost
- ₹2,500 – ₹3,700
- Guidance from
- ₹9,999 (Hardware / IoT Final Year)
How the Automatic Plant Irrigation Using PIC works
- 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V.
- The Water / rain level sensor detects the presence or level of water.
- The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch.
- The PIC16F877A microcontroller with board handles the control logic, ADC readings and output switching.
- The Mini submersible water pump moves water for irrigation, dispensing or cooling.
- The Relay module switches mains or high-current loads such as lamps, pumps and fans from a low-voltage signal.
- The 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter shows readings, status and messages to the user.
- The LEDs indicate status.
Block diagram
Inputs
Water / rain level sensorPush buttons and switchesController
PIC16F877A microcontroller with boardOutputs
Mini submersible water pumpRelay module16×2 LCD with I2C adapterLEDsComponents list and cost
Typical prices from Indian online stores and electronics markets (Lamington Road, Budhwar Peth, SP Road). Buy from one store where you can to save on shipping.
| Component | Qty | What it does | Approx. cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| PIC16F877A microcontroller with board | 1 | Handles the control logic, ADC readings and output switching. | ₹380 |
| Water / rain level sensor | 1 | Detects the presence or level of water. | ₹70 |
| Push buttons and switches | 2 | Provide manual inputs and the power switch. | ₹80 |
| Mini submersible water pump (12 V) | 1 | Moves water for irrigation, dispensing or cooling. | ₹180 |
| Relay module | 1 | Switches mains or high-current loads such as lamps, pumps and fans from a low-voltage signal. | ₹70 |
| 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter | 1 | Shows readings, status and messages to the user. | ₹220 |
| LEDs (assorted) | 1 | Indicate status. | ₹20 |
| 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer | 1 | Supplies stable low-voltage power from the mains. | ₹250 |
| Passive components, PCB and wiring kit | 1 | ICs and IC sockets, crystal oscillator, resistors (assorted), capacitors (assorted), transistors / MOSFETs, cables, connectors and jumper wires, diodes and PCB / breadboard. | ₹445 |
| Wiring, PCB, soldering and enclosure | 1 | Project overhead | ₹450 |
| Demo model base / mounting board | 1 | Project overhead | ₹500 |
| Testing spares and replacements | 1 | Project overhead | ₹300 |
| Estimated total | Varies with brand, quality and city | ₹2,500 – ₹3,700 |
Prices are estimates for budgeting. We confirm the bill of materials when your design is frozen, and components are charged at actual cost with bills.
How much does this project cost?
| Option | What you get | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Components only | You buy the parts and build it yourself | ₹2,500 – ₹3,700 |
| Hardware / IoT Final Year | Working model or guided build, Circuit diagram and bill of materials, Firmware / code with explanation | from ₹9,999 + components |
| Capstone Project (CPE) | Working project or model, Black book in MSBTE format, Step-by-step explanation | ₹9,999 + components |
| Diploma ITR | 100% working source code, Project report PDF, PPT | ₹1,999 + components |
No GST and no hidden charges. Use the cost calculator for a quote with your deadline and add-ons, or see all plans.
Download the project brief (PDF)
Summary, working, components and cost and viva questions on one branded PDF to show your guide or team. To get it developed, contact us on WhatsApp.
What you submit with this project
- Working model with circuit diagram and program code
- Project report or black book in your university's chapter order (block diagram, circuit, calculations, results)
- Presentation for the review and final viva
- Synopsis for topic approval, if your college asks for one
E&TC / ECE viva questions on this project
What is the aim of the Automatic Plant Irrigation Using PIC project?
An automatic irrigation controller with a PIC microcontroller. It reads soil moisture probes and runs the water pump through a relay only when the soil is dry, reducing water use and manual effort.
Explain the working of your project in short.
12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V. The Water / rain level sensor detects the presence or level of water. The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch. The PIC16F877A microcontroller with board handles the control logic, ADC readings and output switching.
What are the features of the PIC16F877A?
It is an 8-bit RISC microcontroller with 8 KB flash, 368 bytes RAM, 33 I/O pins, an 8-channel 10-bit ADC, two PWM modules, USART, SPI and I2C.
How is water detected by this sensor?
The exposed conductive tracks are open circuit when dry. Water bridges them and lowers the resistance, and the controller reads the change as a level or as rain.
Why is a pull-up resistor needed with a push button?
Without it the input pin floats and reads random values. The pull-up keeps it HIGH until the button connects it to ground.
How is the pump switched by the controller?
Through a relay or MOSFET, because the pump runs at 12 V and draws more current than the controller pin can provide.
Why is a relay used?
It electrically isolates the 5 V control circuit from the high-voltage load. The controller energises the coil through a transistor, and the contacts switch the load.
Explain the block diagram of your project.
The input section senses the real-world quantity, the PIC16F877A microcontroller with board processes it according to the program, and the output section displays the result and drives the actuators. The power supply section feeds every block.
Which communication protocols are used between the modules?
I2C for the display, RTC or motion sensor (only SDA and SCL lines) and analog inputs read by the ADC for the analog sensors. Each protocol was chosen because the module supports it and it uses the fewest pins.
What is the operating voltage of the circuit?
The controller and most sensors work at 5 V (ESP boards and some modules at 3.3 V). A 12 V adapter powers the board, and a regulator steps it down. Motors and relays get their own supply line so they do not reset the controller.
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Want to build Automatic Plant Irrigation Using PIC?
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