E&TC / ECE · Solar and power electronics · Final year project
Design and Fabrication of Battery Powered Monowheel
A single-wheeled electric vehicle in which the rider sits inside the wheel. A high-torque motor drives a small rubber wheel through a chain, which in turn rolls the large outer wheel forward.
What is the Design and Fabrication of Battery Powered Monowheel project?
A single-wheeled electric vehicle in which the rider sits inside the wheel. A high-torque motor drives a small rubber wheel through a chain, which in turn rolls the large outer wheel forward.
Key facts
- Branch
- Electronics & Telecommunication (E&TC / ECE); also suits Electrical, Mechatronics
- Type
- Final year project · Advanced
- Suitable for
- Diploma capstone and B.E / B.Tech final year
- Build time
- 6 to 8 weeks
- Estimated component cost
- ₹32,700 – ₹48,100
- Guidance from
- ₹9,999 (Hardware / IoT Final Year)
How the Design and Fabrication of Battery Powered Monowheel works
- 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V.
- The Arduino Uno R3 reads the inputs, runs the decision logic written in C/C++ and drives the outputs.
Block diagram
Controller
Arduino Uno R3Components list and cost
Typical prices from Indian online stores and electronics markets (Lamington Road, Budhwar Peth, SP Road). Buy from one store where you can to save on shipping.
| Component | Qty | What it does | Approx. cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arduino Uno R3 | 1 | Reads the inputs, runs the decision logic written in C/C++ and drives the outputs. | ₹550 |
| 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer | 1 | Supplies stable low-voltage power from the mains. | ₹250 |
| Wheels / castor wheels | 1 | Allow the machine or vehicle to move. | ₹400 |
| Mild steel frame and fabrication | 1 | Forms the main structure that holds all parts. | ₹2,500 |
| Chain and sprockets | 1 | Transmit power between shafts without slip. | ₹450 |
| BLDC hub motor 250-350 W | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹7,500 |
| Motor controller with throttle | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹2,900 |
| Li-ion battery pack 36 V 10 Ah with BMS | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹14,500 |
| Base frame / bicycle and fabrication | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹6,500 |
| Brakes, cables and wiring | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹1,400 |
| Passive components, PCB and wiring kit | 1 | Resistors (assorted), capacitors (assorted), PCB / breadboard and cables, connectors and jumper wires. | ₹310 |
| Wiring, PCB, soldering and enclosure | 1 | Project overhead | ₹450 |
| Demo model base / mounting board | 1 | Project overhead | ₹500 |
| Testing spares and replacements | 1 | Project overhead | ₹300 |
| Estimated total | Varies with brand, quality and city | ₹32,700 – ₹48,100 |
Prices are estimates for budgeting. We confirm the bill of materials when your design is frozen, and components are charged at actual cost with bills.
How much does this project cost?
| Option | What you get | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Components only | You buy the parts and build it yourself | ₹32,700 – ₹48,100 |
| Hardware / IoT Final Year | Working model or guided build, Circuit diagram and bill of materials, Firmware / code with explanation | from ₹9,999 + components |
| Capstone Project (CPE) | Working project or model, Black book in MSBTE format, Step-by-step explanation | ₹9,999 + components |
| Diploma ITR | 100% working source code, Project report PDF, PPT | ₹1,999 + components |
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Download the project brief (PDF)
Summary, working, components and cost and viva questions on one branded PDF to show your guide or team. To get it developed, contact us on WhatsApp.
What you submit with this project
- Working model with circuit diagram and program code
- Project report or black book in your university's chapter order (block diagram, circuit, calculations, results)
- Presentation for the review and final viva
- Synopsis for topic approval, if your college asks for one
E&TC / ECE viva questions on this project
What is the aim of the Design and Fabrication of Battery Powered Monowheel project?
A single-wheeled electric vehicle in which the rider sits inside the wheel. A high-torque motor drives a small rubber wheel through a chain, which in turn rolls the large outer wheel forward.
Explain the working of your project in short.
12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V. The Arduino Uno R3 reads the inputs, runs the decision logic written in C/C++ and drives the outputs.
What microcontroller is on the Arduino Uno and what are its key specifications?
The Uno uses the ATmega328P: 8-bit, 16 MHz clock, 32 KB flash, 2 KB SRAM, 14 digital I/O pins (6 PWM) and 6 analog inputs with a 10-bit ADC.
How is 230 V AC converted to 5 V DC for the circuit?
A transformer steps down the voltage, a bridge rectifier converts AC to pulsating DC, a capacitor smooths it and a 7805 regulator gives a steady 5 V.
How is the wheel size selected?
From the required speed and torque: linear speed = π × D × rpm ÷ 60. A larger wheel gives more speed but needs more torque.
Why is mild steel used for the frame?
It is cheap, strong, easy to cut and weld and widely available. A frame of 25 mm square pipe is enough for most student models.
Why use a chain drive instead of a belt?
A chain gives a positive drive with no slip and handles higher torque, while a belt is quieter and can slip under overload, protecting the drive.
Explain the block diagram of your project.
The input section senses the real-world quantity, the Arduino Uno R3 processes it according to the program, and the output section displays the result and drives the actuators. The power supply section feeds every block.
Which communication protocols are used between the modules?
The sensors give digital or analog signals read directly by the controller's I/O and ADC pins, and outputs are driven through transistor or relay drivers.
What is the operating voltage of the circuit?
The controller and most sensors work at 5 V (ESP boards and some modules at 3.3 V). The battery powers the board, and a regulator steps it down. Motors and relays get their own supply line so they do not reset the controller.
How did you calculate the power rating of your system?
Using P = V × I for each load, adding a margin of 20 to 25%. Battery capacity is the energy needed per day divided by the battery voltage and allowable depth of discharge.
Is your system open-loop or closed-loop?
Mainly open-loop: the controller runs the actuators for a set time or number of steps. Adding a sensor for feedback would make it closed-loop and more accurate.
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