E&TC / ECE · Solar and power electronics · Final year project
EV BMS With Charge Monitor and Fire Protection
A battery management system for electric vehicles. An STM32 controller monitors battery voltage, current and temperature and instantly cuts off charging or discharging when it detects unsafe behaviour that could start a fire.
What is the EV BMS With Charge Monitor and Fire Protection project?
A battery management system for electric vehicles. An STM32 controller monitors battery voltage, current and temperature and instantly cuts off charging or discharging when it detects unsafe behaviour that could start a fire.
Key facts
- Branch
- Electronics & Telecommunication (E&TC / ECE); also suits Electrical, Instrumentation
- Type
- Final year project · Intermediate
- Suitable for
- Diploma capstone and B.E / B.Tech final year
- Build time
- 4 to 6 weeks
- Estimated component cost
- ₹2,900 – ₹4,200
- Guidance from
- ₹9,999 (Hardware / IoT Final Year)
How the EV BMS With Charge Monitor and Fire Protection works
- Rechargeable battery supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V.
- The Current sensor measures the current drawn by the load.
- The Voltage sensor module measures the supply or battery voltage.
- The Temperature sensor measures the temperature that the system monitors or controls.
- The Arduino Uno R3 reads the inputs, runs the decision logic written in C/C++ and drives the outputs.
- The 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter shows readings, status and messages to the user.
Block diagram
Inputs
Current sensorVoltage sensor moduleTemperature sensorController
Arduino Uno R3Outputs
16×2 LCD with I2C adapterComponents list and cost
Typical prices from Indian online stores and electronics markets (Lamington Road, Budhwar Peth, SP Road). Buy from one store where you can to save on shipping.
| Component | Qty | What it does | Approx. cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arduino Uno R3 | 1 | Reads the inputs, runs the decision logic written in C/C++ and drives the outputs. | ₹550 |
| Current sensor (ACS712) | 1 | Measures the current drawn by the load. | ₹180 |
| Voltage sensor module | 1 | Measures the supply or battery voltage. | ₹120 |
| Temperature sensor (LM35 / DS18B20) | 1 | Measures the temperature that the system monitors or controls. | ₹90 |
| 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter | 1 | Shows readings, status and messages to the user. | ₹220 |
| Rechargeable battery (12 V 1.3–7 Ah) | 1 | Stores energy and supplies power when mains is absent. | ₹650 |
| Passive components, PCB and wiring kit | 1 | Resistors (assorted), capacitors (assorted), PCB / breadboard and cables, connectors and jumper wires. | ₹310 |
| Wiring, PCB, soldering and enclosure | 1 | Project overhead | ₹450 |
| Demo model base / mounting board | 1 | Project overhead | ₹500 |
| Testing spares and replacements | 1 | Project overhead | ₹300 |
| Estimated total | Varies with brand, quality and city | ₹2,900 – ₹4,200 |
Prices are estimates for budgeting. We confirm the bill of materials when your design is frozen, and components are charged at actual cost with bills.
How much does this project cost?
| Option | What you get | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Components only | You buy the parts and build it yourself | ₹2,900 – ₹4,200 |
| Hardware / IoT Final Year | Working model or guided build, Circuit diagram and bill of materials, Firmware / code with explanation | from ₹9,999 + components |
| Capstone Project (CPE) | Working project or model, Black book in MSBTE format, Step-by-step explanation | ₹9,999 + components |
| Diploma ITR | 100% working source code, Project report PDF, PPT | ₹1,999 + components |
No GST and no hidden charges. Use the cost calculator for a quote with your deadline and add-ons, or see all plans.
Download the project brief (PDF)
Summary, working, components and cost and viva questions on one branded PDF to show your guide or team. To get it developed, contact us on WhatsApp.
What you submit with this project
- Working model with circuit diagram and program code
- Project report or black book in your university's chapter order (block diagram, circuit, calculations, results)
- Presentation for the review and final viva
- Synopsis for topic approval, if your college asks for one
E&TC / ECE viva questions on this project
What is the aim of the EV BMS With Charge Monitor and Fire Protection project?
A battery management system for electric vehicles. An STM32 controller monitors battery voltage, current and temperature and instantly cuts off charging or discharging when it detects unsafe behaviour that could start a fire.
Explain the working of your project in short.
Rechargeable battery supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V. The Current sensor measures the current drawn by the load. The Voltage sensor module measures the supply or battery voltage. The Temperature sensor measures the temperature that the system monitors or controls.
What microcontroller is on the Arduino Uno and what are its key specifications?
The Uno uses the ATmega328P: 8-bit, 16 MHz clock, 32 KB flash, 2 KB SRAM, 14 digital I/O pins (6 PWM) and 6 analog inputs with a 10-bit ADC.
What is the principle of the ACS712?
It uses the Hall effect: the current through the chip's conductor creates a magnetic field, and the Hall sensor converts it to a proportional voltage, isolated from the main circuit.
How does the controller measure a voltage higher than 5 V?
A voltage divider (or an isolating transformer for AC) scales the voltage down to the 0–5 V range of the ADC. The code multiplies the reading by the divider ratio.
How does the LM35 temperature sensor work?
LM35 gives an analog output of 10 mV per °C, so 250 mV means 25 °C. The controller reads it with the ADC and converts the value to degrees.
Why is an I2C adapter used with the LCD?
It reduces the wiring from about 10 pins to 2 (SDA and SCL), leaving more controller pins free for sensors.
Explain the block diagram of your project.
The input section senses the real-world quantity, the Arduino Uno R3 processes it according to the program, and the output section displays the result and drives the actuators. The power supply section feeds every block.
Which communication protocols are used between the modules?
I2C for the display, RTC or motion sensor (only SDA and SCL lines), a single-wire digital protocol for the temperature sensor and analog inputs read by the ADC for the analog sensors. Each protocol was chosen because the module supports it and it uses the fewest pins.
What is the operating voltage of the circuit?
The controller and most sensors work at 5 V (ESP boards and some modules at 3.3 V). The battery powers the board, and a regulator steps it down. Motors and relays get their own supply line so they do not reset the controller.
How did you calculate the power rating of your system?
Using P = V × I for each load, adding a margin of 20 to 25%. Battery capacity is the energy needed per day divided by the battery voltage and allowable depth of discharge.
What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
Accuracy is how close a reading is to the true value. Precision is how close repeated readings are to each other. A sensor can be precise but inaccurate if it is not calibrated.
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Want to build EV BMS With Charge Monitor and Fire Protection?
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