E&TC / ECE · Robotics and drone · Final year project
Farm Protector Drone for using Arduino
A surveillance drone that protects crops from animals. Flown over the fields with an Arduino-based controller, it detects animals and scares them away with lights and sound before they damage the crop.
What is the Farm Protector Drone for using Arduino project?
A surveillance drone that protects crops from animals. Flown over the fields with an Arduino-based controller, it detects animals and scares them away with lights and sound before they damage the crop.
Key facts
- Branch
- Electronics & Telecommunication (E&TC / ECE); also suits Mechatronics
- Type
- Final year project · Advanced
- Suitable for
- Diploma capstone and B.E / B.Tech final year
- Build time
- 6 to 8 weeks
- Estimated component cost
- ₹20,000 – ₹29,400
- Guidance from
- ₹9,999 (Hardware / IoT Final Year)
How the Farm Protector Drone for using Arduino works
- 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V.
- The Soil moisture sensor measures how wet the soil is so watering happens only when needed.
- The LDR light sensor senses whether it is light or dark so lights can switch automatically.
- The Temperature sensor measures the temperature that the system monitors or controls.
- The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch.
- The Arduino Uno R3 reads the inputs, runs the decision logic written in C/C++ and drives the outputs.
- The DC cooling fan moves air for cooling or ventilation.
- The Mini submersible water pump moves water for irrigation, dispensing or cooling.
- The 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter shows readings, status and messages to the user.
- The LEDs indicate status.
Block diagram
Inputs
Soil moisture sensorLDR light sensorTemperature sensorPush buttons and switchesController
Arduino Uno R3Outputs
DC cooling fanMini submersible water pump16×2 LCD with I2C adapterLEDsComponents list and cost
Typical prices from Indian online stores and electronics markets (Lamington Road, Budhwar Peth, SP Road). Buy from one store where you can to save on shipping.
| Component | Qty | What it does | Approx. cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arduino Uno R3 | 1 | Reads the inputs, runs the decision logic written in C/C++ and drives the outputs. | ₹550 |
| Soil moisture sensor | 1 | Measures how wet the soil is so watering happens only when needed. | ₹80 |
| LDR light sensor | 1 | Senses whether it is light or dark so lights can switch automatically. | ₹15 |
| Temperature sensor (LM35 / DS18B20) | 1 | Measures the temperature that the system monitors or controls. | ₹90 |
| Push buttons and switches | 2 | Provide manual inputs and the power switch. | ₹80 |
| DC cooling fan (12 V) | 1 | Moves air for cooling or ventilation. | ₹120 |
| Mini submersible water pump (12 V) | 1 | Moves water for irrigation, dispensing or cooling. | ₹180 |
| 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter | 1 | Shows readings, status and messages to the user. | ₹220 |
| LEDs (assorted) | 1 | Indicate status. | ₹20 |
| 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer | 1 | Supplies stable low-voltage power from the mains. | ₹250 |
| Drone frame (450 mm) with landing gear | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹1,800 |
| BLDC motor (1000 KV) with ESC | 4 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹4,600 |
| Flight controller (F4 / Pixhawk-class) | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹3,200 |
| LiPo battery 3S 2200-5200 mAh | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹2,800 |
| RC transmitter and receiver (6-channel) | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹5,200 |
| Propellers (set) | 2 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹600 |
| LiPo balance charger | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹1,600 |
| At mega Controller | 1 | Part from the design specification | ₹150* |
| WIFI | 1 | Part from the design specification | ₹150* |
| Bulb holder | 1 | Part from the design specification | ₹150* |
| Passive components, PCB and wiring kit | 1 | Crystal oscillator, resistors (assorted), capacitors (assorted), transistors / MOSFETs, cables, connectors and jumper wires, diodes, PCB / breadboard and ICs and IC sockets. | ₹445 |
| Wiring, PCB, soldering and enclosure | 1 | Project overhead | ₹450 |
| Demo model base / mounting board | 1 | Project overhead | ₹500 |
| Testing spares and replacements | 1 | Project overhead | ₹300 |
| Estimated total | Varies with brand, quality and city | ₹20,000 – ₹29,400 |
Prices are estimates for budgeting; items marked * depend on the exact size or model chosen. We confirm the bill of materials when your design is frozen, and components are charged at actual cost with bills.
How much does this project cost?
| Option | What you get | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Components only | You buy the parts and build it yourself | ₹20,000 – ₹29,400 |
| Hardware / IoT Final Year | Working model or guided build, Circuit diagram and bill of materials, Firmware / code with explanation | from ₹9,999 + components |
| Capstone Project (CPE) | Working project or model, Black book in MSBTE format, Step-by-step explanation | ₹9,999 + components |
| Diploma ITR | 100% working source code, Project report PDF, PPT | ₹1,999 + components |
No GST and no hidden charges. Use the cost calculator for a quote with your deadline and add-ons, or see all plans.
Download the project brief (PDF)
Summary, working, components and cost and viva questions on one branded PDF to show your guide or team. To get it developed, contact us on WhatsApp.
What you submit with this project
- Working model with circuit diagram and program code
- Project report or black book in your university's chapter order (block diagram, circuit, calculations, results)
- Presentation for the review and final viva
- Synopsis for topic approval, if your college asks for one
E&TC / ECE viva questions on this project
What is the aim of the Farm Protector Drone for using Arduino project?
A surveillance drone that protects crops from animals. Flown over the fields with an Arduino-based controller, it detects animals and scares them away with lights and sound before they damage the crop.
Explain the working of your project in short.
12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V. The Soil moisture sensor measures how wet the soil is so watering happens only when needed. The LDR light sensor senses whether it is light or dark so lights can switch automatically. The Temperature sensor measures the temperature that the system monitors or controls.
What microcontroller is on the Arduino Uno and what are its key specifications?
The Uno uses the ATmega328P: 8-bit, 16 MHz clock, 32 KB flash, 2 KB SRAM, 14 digital I/O pins (6 PWM) and 6 analog inputs with a 10-bit ADC.
How does a soil moisture sensor work?
The two probes measure the soil's resistance. Wet soil conducts better, so the resistance and output voltage change, which tells the controller when to start the pump.
How does an LDR work?
An LDR is made of cadmium sulphide. In light its resistance drops to a few hundred ohms, and in darkness it rises to about a megaohm. Used in a voltage divider, it gives a voltage that depends on light.
How does the LM35 temperature sensor work?
LM35 gives an analog output of 10 mV per °C, so 250 mV means 25 °C. The controller reads it with the ADC and converts the value to degrees.
Why is a pull-up resistor needed with a push button?
Without it the input pin floats and reads random values. The pull-up keeps it HIGH until the button connects it to ground.
Explain the block diagram of your project.
The input section senses the real-world quantity, the Arduino Uno R3 processes it according to the program, and the output section displays the result and drives the actuators. The power supply section feeds every block.
Which communication protocols are used between the modules?
I2C for the display, RTC or motion sensor (only SDA and SCL lines), a single-wire digital protocol for the temperature sensor and analog inputs read by the ADC for the analog sensors. Each protocol was chosen because the module supports it and it uses the fewest pins.
What is the operating voltage of the circuit?
The controller and most sensors work at 5 V (ESP boards and some modules at 3.3 V). The battery powers the board, and a regulator steps it down. Motors and relays get their own supply line so they do not reset the controller.
Is your system open-loop or closed-loop?
Closed-loop: sensors measure the actual position, distance or condition and the controller corrects the actuators until the target is reached.
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