E&TC / ECE · Healthcare electronics · Final year project
Heart Rate Monitoring using Flexible Printed Circuit Board
A wearable heart rate monitor built on a flexible PCB. The heart rate sensor sits on a bendable plastic substrate that wraps around the hand, and an ATmega328 shows the reading on an LCD.
What is the Heart Rate Monitoring using Flexible Printed Circuit Board project?
A wearable heart rate monitor built on a flexible PCB. The heart rate sensor sits on a bendable plastic substrate that wraps around the hand, and an ATmega328 shows the reading on an LCD.
Key facts
- Branch
- Electronics & Telecommunication (E&TC / ECE); also suits Instrumentation, Biomedical
- Type
- Final year project · Intermediate
- Suitable for
- Diploma capstone and B.E / B.Tech final year
- Build time
- 4 to 6 weeks
- Estimated component cost
- ₹2,600 – ₹3,900
- Guidance from
- ₹9,999 (Hardware / IoT Final Year)
How the Heart Rate Monitoring using Flexible Printed Circuit Board works
- 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V.
- The Pulse oximeter sensor measures heart rate and blood oxygen (SpO2) from the fingertip.
- The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch.
- The Microcontroller board processes sensor inputs and controls the outputs according to the program.
- The 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter shows readings, status and messages to the user.
- The LEDs indicate status.
Block diagram
Inputs
Pulse oximeter sensorPush buttons and switchesController
Microcontroller boardOutputs
16×2 LCD with I2C adapterLEDsComponents list and cost
Typical prices from Indian online stores and electronics markets (Lamington Road, Budhwar Peth, SP Road). Buy from one store where you can to save on shipping.
| Component | Qty | What it does | Approx. cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microcontroller board | 1 | Processes sensor inputs and controls the outputs according to the program. | ₹400 |
| Pulse oximeter sensor (MAX30102) | 1 | Measures heart rate and blood oxygen (SpO2) from the fingertip. | ₹300 |
| Push buttons and switches | 2 | Provide manual inputs and the power switch. | ₹80 |
| 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter | 1 | Shows readings, status and messages to the user. | ₹220 |
| LEDs (assorted) | 1 | Indicate status. | ₹20 |
| 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer | 1 | Supplies stable low-voltage power from the mains. | ₹250 |
| Copper plates | 1 | Part from the design specification | ₹150* |
| Passive components, PCB and wiring kit | 1 | Crystal oscillator, resistors (assorted), capacitors (assorted), transistors / MOSFETs, cables, connectors and jumper wires, diodes, PCB / breadboard and ICs and IC sockets. | ₹445 |
| Wiring, PCB, soldering and enclosure | 1 | Project overhead | ₹450 |
| Demo model base / mounting board | 1 | Project overhead | ₹500 |
| Testing spares and replacements | 1 | Project overhead | ₹300 |
| Estimated total | Varies with brand, quality and city | ₹2,600 – ₹3,900 |
Prices are estimates for budgeting; items marked * depend on the exact size or model chosen. We confirm the bill of materials when your design is frozen, and components are charged at actual cost with bills.
How much does this project cost?
| Option | What you get | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Components only | You buy the parts and build it yourself | ₹2,600 – ₹3,900 |
| Hardware / IoT Final Year | Working model or guided build, Circuit diagram and bill of materials, Firmware / code with explanation | from ₹9,999 + components |
| Capstone Project (CPE) | Working project or model, Black book in MSBTE format, Step-by-step explanation | ₹9,999 + components |
| Diploma ITR | 100% working source code, Project report PDF, PPT | ₹1,999 + components |
No GST and no hidden charges. Use the cost calculator for a quote with your deadline and add-ons, or see all plans.
Download the project brief (PDF)
Summary, working, components and cost and viva questions on one branded PDF to show your guide or team. To get it developed, contact us on WhatsApp.
What you submit with this project
- Working model with circuit diagram and program code
- Project report or black book in your university's chapter order (block diagram, circuit, calculations, results)
- Presentation for the review and final viva
- Synopsis for topic approval, if your college asks for one
E&TC / ECE viva questions on this project
What is the aim of the Heart Rate Monitoring using Flexible Printed Circuit Board project?
A wearable heart rate monitor built on a flexible PCB. The heart rate sensor sits on a bendable plastic substrate that wraps around the hand, and an ATmega328 shows the reading on an LCD.
Explain the working of your project in short.
12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V. The Pulse oximeter sensor measures heart rate and blood oxygen (SpO2) from the fingertip. The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch. The Microcontroller board processes sensor inputs and controls the outputs according to the program.
What is the difference between a microprocessor and a microcontroller?
A microprocessor is only a CPU and needs external memory and I/O chips. A microcontroller has the CPU, RAM, ROM, timers and I/O on a single chip, which makes it cheaper and better for dedicated control tasks.
How is the heart rate measured optically?
Red and infrared LEDs shine into the finger and a photodetector measures the light absorbed by blood. Each heartbeat changes the blood volume, so the reflected light pulses at the heart rate.
Why is a pull-up resistor needed with a push button?
Without it the input pin floats and reads random values. The pull-up keeps it HIGH until the button connects it to ground.
Why is an I2C adapter used with the LCD?
It reduces the wiring from about 10 pins to 2 (SDA and SCL), leaving more controller pins free for sensors.
Why is a resistor connected in series with an LED?
It limits the current to a safe value (about 10–20 mA). Without it, the LED would draw too much current and burn out. R = (supply voltage − LED voltage) ÷ current.
Explain the block diagram of your project.
The input section senses the real-world quantity, the Microcontroller board processes it according to the program, and the output section displays the result and drives the actuators. The power supply section feeds every block.
Which communication protocols are used between the modules?
I2C for the display, RTC or motion sensor (only SDA and SCL lines) and analog inputs read by the ADC for the analog sensors. Each protocol was chosen because the module supports it and it uses the fewest pins.
What is the operating voltage of the circuit?
The controller and most sensors work at 5 V (ESP boards and some modules at 3.3 V). A 12 V adapter powers the board, and a regulator steps it down. Motors and relays get their own supply line so they do not reset the controller.
What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
Accuracy is how close a reading is to the true value. Precision is how close repeated readings are to each other. A sensor can be precise but inaccurate if it is not calibrated.
How do you ensure patient safety?
The device runs on low-voltage batteries, has no direct mains connection to the patient, uses isolated sensors and limits current through any electrode. Alarms are set for abnormal readings.
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