Linear and Remainder Packet Marking for Fast IP Trace Back

Two packet marking schemes for tracing DoS and DDoS attackers. Linear Packet Marking needs only as many packets as the hop count to find the source, and Remainder Packet Marking is a randomised version for faster trace-back.

The user registers and logs in; passwords are stored as salted hashes, never in plain text. Data is encrypted before it is stored or sent, using the algorithm chosen for the project. Only a user with the right key, OTP or credential can decrypt or access the data. Every access is logged so the admin can review suspicious activity.

Symmetric encryption (AES, DES) uses one shared key for encryption and decryption and is fast. Asymmetric encryption (RSA) uses a public key to encrypt and a private key to decrypt, which solves key sharing but is slower.

A hash is one-way, so even the administrator cannot recover the password. We add a random salt and use a slow hash such as bcrypt so stolen hashes are hard to crack.

Packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, throughput, packet loss and energy consumption, compared between the existing protocol and the proposed one.

Proactive protocols (DSDV, OLSR) keep routes to all nodes updated at all times. Reactive protocols (AODV, DSR) find a route only when data needs to be sent, which saves overhead in mobile networks.

We followed an iterative (incremental) model: requirements and a basic design first, then modules built and tested one by one, with the guide's feedback after each review. It suits a project where requirements become clearer as we build.

Unit testing of each module, integration testing of the complete flow and system testing with real inputs. Test cases with expected and actual results are listed in the report, including invalid inputs.

The current version is tested on a limited dataset or number of users. Future work includes deploying on the cloud, adding more features or languages, improving accuracy with more data and building a mobile version.