Mechanical · Machine and manufacturing · Final year project
Three Axis CNC Machine 1 Meter X 2 Meter
A three-axis CNC router with a 1 m × 2 m bed. Three stepper motors move the spindle along X, Y and Z under computer control for cutting and engraving.
What is the Three Axis CNC Machine 1 Meter X 2 Meter project?
A three-axis CNC router with a 1 m × 2 m bed. Three stepper motors move the spindle along X, Y and Z under computer control for cutting and engraving.
Key facts
- Branch
- Mechanical & Automobile Engineering; also suits Mechatronics, Instrumentation
- Type
- Final year project · Advanced
- Suitable for
- Diploma capstone and B.E / B.Tech final year
- Build time
- 6 to 8 weeks
- Estimated component cost
- ₹19,200 – ₹28,200
- Guidance from
- ₹9,999 (Hardware / IoT Final Year)
How the Three Axis CNC Machine 1 Meter X 2 Meter works
- The mild steel frame and fabrication forms the base that carries every other part, so it is designed first from the load and size of the machine.
- The Stepper motor with driver moves in precise steps for accurate positioning.
- The DC geared motor provides the driving motion.
- Motion is transmitted through DC geared motor, which set the speed, torque and direction at the working end.
- The Welding, machining and finishing joins and finishes the structure.
- The DC cooling fan moves air for cooling or ventilation.
Block diagram
Power
Stepper motor with driverDC geared motorDC cooling fanTransmission
DC geared motorStructure
Frame and mountsComponents list and cost
Typical prices from Indian online stores and electronics markets (Lamington Road, Budhwar Peth, SP Road). Buy from one store where you can to save on shipping.
| Component | Qty | What it does | Approx. cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stepper motor with driver (NEMA17 + A4988) | 3 | Moves in precise steps for accurate positioning. | ₹2,700 |
| DC geared motor | 1 | Provides the driving motion. | ₹250 |
| DC cooling fan (12 V) | 1 | Moves air for cooling or ventilation. | ₹120 |
| Welding, machining and finishing | 1 | Joins and finishes the structure. | ₹1,500 |
| Mild steel frame and fabrication | 1 | Forms the main structure that holds all parts. | ₹2,500 |
| Linear rods, bearings and lead screws (set) | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹3,800 |
| Machine frame (aluminium profile) | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹3,500 |
| Spindle / tool head | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹2,600 |
| 12 V 10 A SMPS | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹900 |
| Welding, cutting and machining labour | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹2,200 |
| Mach 3 Interface Board | 1 | Part from the design specification | ₹400* |
| Supporting Rods and Couplings | 1 | Part from the design specification | ₹400* |
| Couplings | 1 | Part from the design specification | ₹400* |
| Mounts, screws, nuts and small hardware | 1 | Enclosure, mounts and fasteners. | ₹300 |
| Paint, finishing and workshop consumables | 1 | Project overhead | ₹600 |
| Transport of material | 1 | Project overhead | ₹400 |
| Estimated total | Varies with brand, quality and city | ₹19,200 – ₹28,200 |
Prices are estimates for budgeting; items marked * depend on the exact size or model chosen. We confirm the bill of materials when your design is frozen, and components are charged at actual cost with bills.
How much does this project cost?
| Option | What you get | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Components only | You buy the parts and build it yourself | ₹19,200 – ₹28,200 |
| Hardware / IoT Final Year | Working model or guided build, Circuit diagram and bill of materials, Firmware / code with explanation | from ₹9,999 + components |
| Capstone Project (CPE) | Working project or model, Black book in MSBTE format, Step-by-step explanation | ₹9,999 + components |
| Diploma ITR | 100% working source code, Project report PDF, PPT | ₹1,999 + components |
No GST and no hidden charges. Use the cost calculator for a quote with your deadline and add-ons, or see all plans.
Download the project brief (PDF)
Summary, working, components and cost and viva questions on one branded PDF to show your guide or team. To get it developed, contact us on WhatsApp.
What you submit with this project
- Working model with circuit diagram and program code
- Project report or black book in your university's chapter order (block diagram, circuit, calculations, results)
- Presentation for the review and final viva
- Synopsis for topic approval, if your college asks for one
Mechanical viva questions on this project
What is the aim of the Three Axis CNC Machine 1 Meter X 2 Meter project?
A three-axis CNC router with a 1 m × 2 m bed. Three stepper motors move the spindle along X, Y and Z under computer control for cutting and engraving.
Explain the working of your project in short.
The mild steel frame and fabrication forms the base that carries every other part, so it is designed first from the load and size of the machine. The Stepper motor with driver moves in precise steps for accurate positioning. The DC geared motor provides the driving motion. Motion is transmitted through DC geared motor, which set the speed, torque and direction at the working end.
Why is a stepper motor used for positioning?
It moves a fixed angle per pulse (1.8° for NEMA17), so the controller knows the position by counting steps without a feedback sensor.
Why is a geared motor used?
The gearbox reduces speed and multiplies torque, so a small DC motor can move a vehicle or mechanism smoothly. Torque increases roughly by the gear ratio.
How can fan speed be varied?
With PWM through a MOSFET: changing the duty cycle changes the average voltage and therefore the speed.
Which welding process is used for the frame?
Arc welding (SMAW) or MIG for mild steel, as it is quick, strong and available at most workshops.
Why is mild steel used for the frame?
It is cheap, strong, easy to cut and weld and widely available. A frame of 25 mm square pipe is enough for most student models.
Which material did you select for the main parts and why?
Mild steel (MS) is used for the frame because it is strong, cheap, easy to cut and weld and available everywhere. Shafts are made of EN8 or bright mild steel for strength, and parts that do not carry load can be aluminium or acrylic to reduce weight.
What factor of safety did you take in your design?
A factor of safety of 2 to 3 is taken for static parts and 3 to 5 for parts under shock or fatigue loading. Allowable stress = yield strength ÷ factor of safety, and each part is checked against it.
How did you estimate the cost of the project?
The cost is the sum of raw material, bought-out parts, machining or fabrication and overheads. Our estimate for this model is about ₹19,200 to ₹28,200, depending on size, material and the workshop rates in your city.
Which manufacturing processes were used?
Cutting and grinding of sections, arc or MIG welding of the frame, drilling for mounting holes, turning of the shafts and fitting of bearings and the drive, followed by assembly, alignment and painting.
Is your system open-loop or closed-loop?
Mainly open-loop: the controller runs the actuators for a set time or number of steps. Adding a sensor for feedback would make it closed-loop and more accurate.
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Want to build Three Axis CNC Machine 1 Meter X 2 Meter?
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