E&TC / ECE · IoT · Final year project
IoT Based ICU Patient Monitoring System
A Raspberry Pi system that monitors ICU patients without manual checks. Blood pressure, heart rate and other sensors worn by the patient are read continuously and uploaded over Wi-Fi to a dashboard for doctors and nurses.
What is the IoT Based ICU Patient Monitoring System project?
A Raspberry Pi system that monitors ICU patients without manual checks. Blood pressure, heart rate and other sensors worn by the patient are read continuously and uploaded over Wi-Fi to a dashboard for doctors and nurses.
Key facts
- Branch
- Electronics & Telecommunication (E&TC / ECE); also suits Instrumentation, Biomedical
- Domain
- IoT projects
- Type
- Final year project · Intermediate
- Suitable for
- Diploma capstone and B.E / B.Tech final year
- Build time
- 4 to 6 weeks
- Estimated component cost
- ₹6,500 – ₹9,500
- Guidance from
- ₹9,999 (Hardware / IoT Final Year)
How the IoT Based ICU Patient Monitoring System works
- 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V.
- The Pressure sensor measures air pressure and altitude.
- The Temperature-humidity sensor measures air temperature and relative humidity.
- The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch.
- The Raspberry Pi 4 runs Linux and the main program, handles the camera, networking and heavier processing such as image recognition.
- The 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter shows readings, status and messages to the user.
- The LEDs indicate status.
Block diagram
Inputs
Pressure sensorTemperature-humidity sensorPush buttons and switchesController
Raspberry Pi 4NodeMCU ESP8266 Wi-Fi boardOutputs
16×2 LCD with I2C adapterLEDsComponents list and cost
Typical prices from Indian online stores and electronics markets (Lamington Road, Budhwar Peth, SP Road). Buy from one store where you can to save on shipping.
| Component | Qty | What it does | Approx. cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raspberry Pi 4 (2 GB) | 1 | Runs Linux and the main program, handles the camera, networking and heavier processing such as image recognition. | ₹4,800 |
| NodeMCU ESP8266 Wi-Fi board | 1 | Connects the system to Wi-Fi so readings can be pushed to an IoT dashboard and commands received from a phone. | ₹280 |
| Pressure sensor (BMP280) | 1 | Measures air pressure and altitude. | ₹180 |
| Temperature-humidity sensor (DHT11) | 1 | Measures air temperature and relative humidity. | ₹120 |
| Push buttons and switches | 2 | Provide manual inputs and the power switch. | ₹80 |
| 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter | 1 | Shows readings, status and messages to the user. | ₹220 |
| LEDs (assorted) | 1 | Indicate status. | ₹20 |
| 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer | 1 | Supplies stable low-voltage power from the mains. | ₹250 |
| Passive components, PCB and wiring kit | 1 | Resistors (assorted), capacitors (assorted), transistors / MOSFETs, cables, connectors and jumper wires, diodes, PCB / breadboard and ICs and IC sockets. | ₹430 |
| Wiring, PCB, soldering and enclosure | 1 | Project overhead | ₹450 |
| Demo model base / mounting board | 1 | Project overhead | ₹500 |
| Testing spares and replacements | 1 | Project overhead | ₹300 |
| Estimated total | Varies with brand, quality and city | ₹6,500 – ₹9,500 |
Prices are estimates for budgeting. We confirm the bill of materials when your design is frozen, and components are charged at actual cost with bills.
How much does this project cost?
| Option | What you get | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Components only | You buy the parts and build it yourself | ₹6,500 – ₹9,500 |
| Hardware / IoT Final Year | Working model or guided build, Circuit diagram and bill of materials, Firmware / code with explanation | from ₹9,999 + components |
| Capstone Project (CPE) | Working project or model, Black book in MSBTE format, Step-by-step explanation | ₹9,999 + components |
| Diploma ITR | 100% working source code, Project report PDF, PPT | ₹1,999 + components |
No GST and no hidden charges. Use the cost calculator for a quote with your deadline and add-ons, or see all plans.
Download the project brief (PDF)
Summary, working, components and cost and viva questions on one branded PDF to show your guide or team. To get it developed, contact us on WhatsApp.
What you submit with this project
- Working model with circuit diagram and program code
- Project report or black book in your university's chapter order (block diagram, circuit, calculations, results)
- Presentation for the review and final viva
- Synopsis for topic approval, if your college asks for one
E&TC / ECE viva questions on this project
What is the aim of the IoT Based ICU Patient Monitoring System project?
A Raspberry Pi system that monitors ICU patients without manual checks. Blood pressure, heart rate and other sensors worn by the patient are read continuously and uploaded over Wi-Fi to a dashboard for doctors and nurses.
Explain the working of your project in short.
12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V. The Pressure sensor measures air pressure and altitude. The Temperature-humidity sensor measures air temperature and relative humidity. The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch.
Why did you choose a Raspberry Pi instead of an Arduino?
The Raspberry Pi is a full computer with an operating system, so it can run Python, OpenCV and a web server. An Arduino is a microcontroller that is better for simple real-time control but cannot process images or run multiple programs.
What is NodeMCU and how does it connect to the internet?
NodeMCU is a development board built on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi chip. It joins a Wi-Fi network using the SSID and password in the code and sends data over HTTP or MQTT to a cloud server.
Why is barometric pressure used for altitude?
Air pressure falls as height increases, about 12 Pa per metre near sea level, so the sensor's pressure reading can be converted to altitude.
How does the DHT11 send data to the controller?
It uses a single-wire digital protocol: the controller sends a start pulse and the sensor replies with 40 bits containing humidity, temperature and a checksum.
Why is a pull-up resistor needed with a push button?
Without it the input pin floats and reads random values. The pull-up keeps it HIGH until the button connects it to ground.
Explain the block diagram of your project.
The input section senses the real-world quantity, the Raspberry Pi 4 processes it according to the program, and the output section acts locally and sends the data or alert wirelessly. The power supply section feeds every block.
Which communication protocols are used between the modules?
UART (serial) for the GSM, GPS, Bluetooth or fingerprint modules, I2C for the display, RTC or motion sensor (only SDA and SCL lines) and a single-wire digital protocol for the temperature sensor. Each protocol was chosen because the module supports it and it uses the fewest pins.
What is the operating voltage of the circuit?
The controller and most sensors work at 5 V (ESP boards and some modules at 3.3 V). A 12 V adapter powers the board, and a regulator steps it down. Motors and relays get their own supply line so they do not reset the controller.
What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
Accuracy is how close a reading is to the true value. Precision is how close repeated readings are to each other. A sensor can be precise but inaccurate if it is not calibrated.
How do you ensure patient safety?
The device runs on low-voltage batteries, has no direct mains connection to the patient, uses isolated sensors and limits current through any electrode. Alarms are set for abnormal readings.
Related projects
Academic use: Project Buddyy offers mentoring, guidance and reference material for learning. You stay responsible for following your institution's academic integrity rules and for understanding everything you submit.
Want to build IoT Based ICU Patient Monitoring System?
Send your college, deadline and team size. We confirm the scope, cost and what you will submit.