E&TC / ECE · IoT · Final year project
IoT Color Based Product Sorting Machine
A Raspberry Pi colour sorting machine. A camera identifies the colour of each object, and a sorting mechanism drops it into one of three bins, with counts available online.
What is the IoT Color Based Product Sorting Machine project?
A Raspberry Pi colour sorting machine. A camera identifies the colour of each object, and a sorting mechanism drops it into one of three bins, with counts available online.
Key facts
- Branch
- Electronics & Telecommunication (E&TC / ECE); also suits Mechatronics, Instrumentation, Biomedical
- Domain
- IoT projects
- Type
- Final year project · Intermediate
- Suitable for
- Diploma capstone and B.E / B.Tech final year
- Build time
- 4 to 6 weeks
- Estimated component cost
- ₹11,500 – ₹16,900
- Guidance from
- ₹9,999 (Hardware / IoT Final Year)
How the IoT Color Based Product Sorting Machine works
- 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V.
- The Camera module captures images or video for recognition and monitoring.
- The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch.
- The Raspberry Pi 4 runs Linux and the main program, handles the camera, networking and heavier processing such as image recognition.
- The Servo motor rotates to an exact angle, used for locks, arms and flaps.
- The 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter shows readings, status and messages to the user.
- The LEDs indicate status.
Block diagram
Inputs
Camera modulePush buttons and switchesController
Raspberry Pi 4Outputs
Servo motor16×2 LCD with I2C adapterLEDsComponents list and cost
Typical prices from Indian online stores and electronics markets (Lamington Road, Budhwar Peth, SP Road). Buy from one store where you can to save on shipping.
| Component | Qty | What it does | Approx. cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raspberry Pi 4 (2 GB) | 1 | Runs Linux and the main program, handles the camera, networking and heavier processing such as image recognition. | ₹4,800 |
| Camera module | 1 | Captures images or video for recognition and monitoring. | ₹650 |
| Push buttons and switches | 2 | Provide manual inputs and the power switch. | ₹80 |
| Servo motor (MG996R / SG90) | 1 | Rotates to an exact angle, used for locks, arms and flaps. | ₹350 |
| 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter | 1 | Shows readings, status and messages to the user. | ₹220 |
| LEDs (assorted) | 1 | Indicate status. | ₹20 |
| 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer | 1 | Supplies stable low-voltage power from the mains. | ₹250 |
| Mild steel frame and fabrication | 2 | Forms the main structure that holds all parts. | ₹5,000 |
| Tubes | 1 | Part from the design specification | ₹150* |
| Passive components, PCB and wiring kit | 1 | Resistors (assorted), capacitors (assorted), transistors / MOSFETs, cables, connectors and jumper wires, diodes, PCB / breadboard, ICs and IC sockets and enclosure, mounts and fasteners. | ₹730 |
| Wiring, PCB, soldering and enclosure | 1 | Project overhead | ₹450 |
| Demo model base / mounting board | 1 | Project overhead | ₹500 |
| Testing spares and replacements | 1 | Project overhead | ₹300 |
| Estimated total | Varies with brand, quality and city | ₹11,500 – ₹16,900 |
Prices are estimates for budgeting; items marked * depend on the exact size or model chosen. We confirm the bill of materials when your design is frozen, and components are charged at actual cost with bills.
How much does this project cost?
| Option | What you get | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Components only | You buy the parts and build it yourself | ₹11,500 – ₹16,900 |
| Hardware / IoT Final Year | Working model or guided build, Circuit diagram and bill of materials, Firmware / code with explanation | from ₹9,999 + components |
| Capstone Project (CPE) | Working project or model, Black book in MSBTE format, Step-by-step explanation | ₹9,999 + components |
| Diploma ITR | 100% working source code, Project report PDF, PPT | ₹1,999 + components |
No GST and no hidden charges. Use the cost calculator for a quote with your deadline and add-ons, or see all plans.
Download the project brief (PDF)
Summary, working, components and cost and viva questions on one branded PDF to show your guide or team. To get it developed, contact us on WhatsApp.
What you submit with this project
- Working model with circuit diagram and program code
- Project report or black book in your university's chapter order (block diagram, circuit, calculations, results)
- Presentation for the review and final viva
- Synopsis for topic approval, if your college asks for one
E&TC / ECE viva questions on this project
What is the aim of the IoT Color Based Product Sorting Machine project?
A Raspberry Pi colour sorting machine. A camera identifies the colour of each object, and a sorting mechanism drops it into one of three bins, with counts available online.
Explain the working of your project in short.
12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V. The Camera module captures images or video for recognition and monitoring. The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch. The Raspberry Pi 4 runs Linux and the main program, handles the camera, networking and heavier processing such as image recognition.
Why did you choose a Raspberry Pi instead of an Arduino?
The Raspberry Pi is a full computer with an operating system, so it can run Python, OpenCV and a web server. An Arduino is a microcontroller that is better for simple real-time control but cannot process images or run multiple programs.
How is the camera image processed?
Frames are captured and processed with OpenCV: converted to grayscale, filtered and passed to a detection or recognition model that labels faces, objects or number plates.
Why is a pull-up resistor needed with a push button?
Without it the input pin floats and reads random values. The pull-up keeps it HIGH until the button connects it to ground.
How is a servo motor controlled?
With a PWM signal at 50 Hz. A pulse of 1 ms gives about 0°, 1.5 ms gives 90° and 2 ms gives 180°. The internal feedback potentiometer holds the angle.
Why is an I2C adapter used with the LCD?
It reduces the wiring from about 10 pins to 2 (SDA and SCL), leaving more controller pins free for sensors.
Explain the block diagram of your project.
The input section senses the real-world quantity, the Raspberry Pi 4 processes it according to the program, and the output section displays the result and drives the actuators. The power supply section feeds every block.
Which communication protocols are used between the modules?
I2C for the display, RTC or motion sensor (only SDA and SCL lines). Each protocol was chosen because the module supports it and it uses the fewest pins.
What is the operating voltage of the circuit?
The controller and most sensors work at 5 V (ESP boards and some modules at 3.3 V). A 12 V adapter powers the board, and a regulator steps it down. Motors and relays get their own supply line so they do not reset the controller.
Is your system open-loop or closed-loop?
Closed-loop: sensors measure the actual position, distance or condition and the controller corrects the actuators until the target is reached.
What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
Accuracy is how close a reading is to the true value. Precision is how close repeated readings are to each other. A sensor can be precise but inaccurate if it is not calibrated.
Related projects
Academic use: Project Buddyy offers mentoring, guidance and reference material for learning. You stay responsible for following your institution's academic integrity rules and for understanding everything you submit.
Want to build IoT Color Based Product Sorting Machine?
Send your college, deadline and team size. We confirm the scope, cost and what you will submit.