E&TC / ECE · Security and safety system · Final year project
Motion Based Home Automation & Temperature Controller
A smart home controller that switches lights by motion and keeps temperature steady. Motion and temperature sensors feed an ATmega microcontroller, and the system is protected by a password.
What is the Motion Based Home Automation & Temperature Controller project?
A smart home controller that switches lights by motion and keeps temperature steady. Motion and temperature sensors feed an ATmega microcontroller, and the system is protected by a password.
Key facts
- Branch
- Electronics & Telecommunication (E&TC / ECE); also suits Mechatronics, Instrumentation
- Type
- Final year project · Intermediate
- Suitable for
- Diploma capstone and B.E / B.Tech final year
- Build time
- 4 to 6 weeks
- Estimated component cost
- ₹2,500 – ₹3,700
- Guidance from
- ₹9,999 (Hardware / IoT Final Year)
How the Motion Based Home Automation & Temperature Controller works
- 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V.
- The PIR motion sensor detects human movement from the change in infrared heat.
- The 4×4 matrix keypad lets the user enter a PIN, amount or settings.
- The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch.
- The ATmega328P microcontroller with base board is the brain of the circuit: it samples the sensors, compares readings with set limits and switches the outputs.
- The DC cooling fan moves air for cooling or ventilation.
- The 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter shows readings, status and messages to the user.
- The LEDs indicate status.
Block diagram
Inputs
PIR motion sensor4×4 matrix keypadPush buttons and switchesController
ATmega328P microcontroller with base boardOutputs
DC cooling fan16×2 LCD with I2C adapterLEDsComponents list and cost
Typical prices from Indian online stores and electronics markets (Lamington Road, Budhwar Peth, SP Road). Buy from one store where you can to save on shipping.
| Component | Qty | What it does | Approx. cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATmega328P microcontroller with base board | 1 | Is the brain of the circuit: it samples the sensors, compares readings with set limits and switches the outputs. | ₹350 |
| PIR motion sensor (HC-SR501) | 1 | Detects human movement from the change in infrared heat. | ₹110 |
| 4×4 matrix keypad | 1 | Lets the user enter a PIN, amount or settings. | ₹90 |
| Push buttons and switches | 1 | Provide manual inputs and the power switch. | ₹40 |
| DC cooling fan (12 V) | 1 | Moves air for cooling or ventilation. | ₹120 |
| 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter | 1 | Shows readings, status and messages to the user. | ₹220 |
| LEDs (assorted) | 1 | Indicate status. | ₹20 |
| 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer | 1 | Supplies stable low-voltage power from the mains. | ₹250 |
| Load | 1 | Part from the design specification | ₹150* |
| Passive components, PCB and wiring kit | 1 | Crystal oscillator, resistors (assorted), capacitors (assorted), transistors / MOSFETs, cables, connectors and jumper wires, diodes and PCB / breadboard. | ₹385 |
| Wiring, PCB, soldering and enclosure | 1 | Project overhead | ₹450 |
| Demo model base / mounting board | 1 | Project overhead | ₹500 |
| Testing spares and replacements | 1 | Project overhead | ₹300 |
| Estimated total | Varies with brand, quality and city | ₹2,500 – ₹3,700 |
Prices are estimates for budgeting; items marked * depend on the exact size or model chosen. We confirm the bill of materials when your design is frozen, and components are charged at actual cost with bills.
How much does this project cost?
| Option | What you get | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Components only | You buy the parts and build it yourself | ₹2,500 – ₹3,700 |
| Hardware / IoT Final Year | Working model or guided build, Circuit diagram and bill of materials, Firmware / code with explanation | from ₹9,999 + components |
| Capstone Project (CPE) | Working project or model, Black book in MSBTE format, Step-by-step explanation | ₹9,999 + components |
| Diploma ITR | 100% working source code, Project report PDF, PPT | ₹1,999 + components |
No GST and no hidden charges. Use the cost calculator for a quote with your deadline and add-ons, or see all plans.
Download the project brief (PDF)
Summary, working, components and cost and viva questions on one branded PDF to show your guide or team. To get it developed, contact us on WhatsApp.
What you submit with this project
- Working model with circuit diagram and program code
- Project report or black book in your university's chapter order (block diagram, circuit, calculations, results)
- Presentation for the review and final viva
- Synopsis for topic approval, if your college asks for one
E&TC / ECE viva questions on this project
What is the aim of the Motion Based Home Automation & Temperature Controller project?
A smart home controller that switches lights by motion and keeps temperature steady. Motion and temperature sensors feed an ATmega microcontroller, and the system is protected by a password.
Explain the working of your project in short.
12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V. The PIR motion sensor detects human movement from the change in infrared heat. The 4×4 matrix keypad lets the user enter a PIN, amount or settings. The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch.
Why is a microcontroller used in this project?
A microcontroller combines a CPU, memory and I/O pins on one chip, so a single low-cost IC can read sensors, make decisions in code and control loads without a computer.
How does a PIR sensor detect motion?
It has two pyroelectric elements that see infrared from different zones. When a warm body moves across them, the difference changes and the sensor gives a HIGH output.
How does the controller read a matrix keypad?
It drives one row LOW at a time and reads the columns. A key press connects a row to a column, so the row-column pair identifies the key with only 8 pins for 16 keys.
Why is a pull-up resistor needed with a push button?
Without it the input pin floats and reads random values. The pull-up keeps it HIGH until the button connects it to ground.
How can fan speed be varied?
With PWM through a MOSFET: changing the duty cycle changes the average voltage and therefore the speed.
Explain the block diagram of your project.
The input section senses the real-world quantity, the ATmega328P microcontroller with base board processes it according to the program, and the output section displays the result and drives the actuators. The power supply section feeds every block.
Which communication protocols are used between the modules?
I2C for the display, RTC or motion sensor (only SDA and SCL lines). Each protocol was chosen because the module supports it and it uses the fewest pins.
What is the operating voltage of the circuit?
The controller and most sensors work at 5 V (ESP boards and some modules at 3.3 V). A 12 V adapter powers the board, and a regulator steps it down. Motors and relays get their own supply line so they do not reset the controller.
Is your system open-loop or closed-loop?
Closed-loop: sensors measure the actual position, distance or condition and the controller corrects the actuators until the target is reached.
What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
Accuracy is how close a reading is to the true value. Precision is how close repeated readings are to each other. A sensor can be precise but inaccurate if it is not calibrated.
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Want to build Motion Based Home Automation & Temperature Controller?
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