E&TC / ECE · Robotics and drone · Final year project
Path Planner Robot for Indoor Positioning using RF Ranging
A robot that navigates indoors accurately using RF ranging, since GPS is too imprecise inside buildings. RF beacons let it work out its position and plan a path, useful in warehouses, shops and restaurants.
What is the Path Planner Robot for Indoor Positioning using RF Ranging project?
A robot that navigates indoors accurately using RF ranging, since GPS is too imprecise inside buildings. RF beacons let it work out its position and plan a path, useful in warehouses, shops and restaurants.
Key facts
- Branch
- Electronics & Telecommunication (E&TC / ECE); also suits Mechatronics
- Type
- Final year project · Advanced
- Suitable for
- Diploma capstone and B.E / B.Tech final year
- Build time
- 6 to 8 weeks
- Estimated component cost
- ₹7,500 – ₹11,000
- Guidance from
- ₹9,999 (Hardware / IoT Final Year)
How the Path Planner Robot for Indoor Positioning using RF Ranging works
- Rechargeable battery supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V.
- The Arduino Uno R3 reads the inputs, runs the decision logic written in C/C++ and drives the outputs.
- The GPS module receives satellite signals and gives the latitude and longitude of the device.
- The Bluetooth module links the circuit to a smartphone app so the user can send commands or receive readings.
- The Motor driver lets the low-current controller run the motors forward, reverse and at variable speed.
- The DC geared motor provides the driving motion.
Block diagram
Controller
Arduino Uno R3ATmega328P microcontroller with base boardCommunication
GPS moduleBluetooth moduleOutputs
Motor driverDC geared motorComponents list and cost
Typical prices from Indian online stores and electronics markets (Lamington Road, Budhwar Peth, SP Road). Buy from one store where you can to save on shipping.
| Component | Qty | What it does | Approx. cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arduino Uno R3 | 1 | Reads the inputs, runs the decision logic written in C/C++ and drives the outputs. | ₹550 |
| ATmega328P microcontroller with base board | 1 | Is the brain of the circuit: it samples the sensors, compares readings with set limits and switches the outputs. | ₹350 |
| GPS module (NEO-6M) | 1 | Receives satellite signals and gives the latitude and longitude of the device. | ₹650 |
| Bluetooth module (HC-05) | 1 | Links the circuit to a smartphone app so the user can send commands or receive readings. | ₹280 |
| Motor driver (L298N) | 1 | Lets the low-current controller run the motors forward, reverse and at variable speed. | ₹180 |
| DC geared motor | 2 | Provides the driving motion. | ₹500 |
| Rechargeable battery (12 V 1.3–7 Ah) | 1 | Stores energy and supplies power when mains is absent. | ₹650 |
| Wheels / castor wheels | 4 | Allow the machine or vehicle to move. | ₹1,600 |
| Robot chassis (metal / acrylic) | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹1,100 |
| Li-ion battery pack (18650 × 3, 11.1 V) with BMS | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹1,400 |
| Passive components, PCB and wiring kit | 1 | Resistors (assorted), capacitors (assorted), PCB / breadboard and cables, connectors and jumper wires. | ₹310 |
| Wiring, PCB, soldering and enclosure | 1 | Project overhead | ₹450 |
| Demo model base / mounting board | 1 | Project overhead | ₹500 |
| Testing spares and replacements | 1 | Project overhead | ₹300 |
| Estimated total | Varies with brand, quality and city | ₹7,500 – ₹11,000 |
Prices are estimates for budgeting. We confirm the bill of materials when your design is frozen, and components are charged at actual cost with bills.
How much does this project cost?
| Option | What you get | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Components only | You buy the parts and build it yourself | ₹7,500 – ₹11,000 |
| Hardware / IoT Final Year | Working model or guided build, Circuit diagram and bill of materials, Firmware / code with explanation | from ₹9,999 + components |
| Capstone Project (CPE) | Working project or model, Black book in MSBTE format, Step-by-step explanation | ₹9,999 + components |
| Diploma ITR | 100% working source code, Project report PDF, PPT | ₹1,999 + components |
No GST and no hidden charges. Use the cost calculator for a quote with your deadline and add-ons, or see all plans.
Download the project brief (PDF)
Summary, working, components and cost and viva questions on one branded PDF to show your guide or team. To get it developed, contact us on WhatsApp.
What you submit with this project
- Working model with circuit diagram and program code
- Project report or black book in your university's chapter order (block diagram, circuit, calculations, results)
- Presentation for the review and final viva
- Synopsis for topic approval, if your college asks for one
E&TC / ECE viva questions on this project
What is the aim of the Path Planner Robot for Indoor Positioning using RF Ranging project?
A robot that navigates indoors accurately using RF ranging, since GPS is too imprecise inside buildings. RF beacons let it work out its position and plan a path, useful in warehouses, shops and restaurants.
Explain the working of your project in short.
Rechargeable battery supplies the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V. The Arduino Uno R3 reads the inputs, runs the decision logic written in C/C++ and drives the outputs. The GPS module receives satellite signals and gives the latitude and longitude of the device. The Bluetooth module links the circuit to a smartphone app so the user can send commands or receive readings.
What microcontroller is on the Arduino Uno and what are its key specifications?
The Uno uses the ATmega328P: 8-bit, 16 MHz clock, 32 KB flash, 2 KB SRAM, 14 digital I/O pins (6 PWM) and 6 analog inputs with a 10-bit ADC.
Why is a microcontroller used in this project?
A microcontroller combines a CPU, memory and I/O pins on one chip, so a single low-cost IC can read sensors, make decisions in code and control loads without a computer.
How does a GPS module find its location?
It receives timing signals from at least four satellites, calculates the distance to each from the signal delay and solves for its position. The module outputs NMEA sentences like $GPGGA with latitude, longitude and time.
How does the HC-05 Bluetooth module communicate with the microcontroller?
It uses UART serial at 9600 baud by default. Data typed in the phone app is received by the module and passed to the controller's RX pin as serial characters.
Why can't the motor be connected directly to the microcontroller?
A motor needs far more current (hundreds of mA to amps) than a controller pin can supply (about 20–40 mA). The H-bridge driver switches the motor current and allows direction control.
Explain the block diagram of your project.
The input section senses the real-world quantity, the Arduino Uno R3 processes it according to the program, and the output section acts locally and sends the data or alert wirelessly. The power supply section feeds every block.
Which communication protocols are used between the modules?
UART (serial) for the GSM, GPS, Bluetooth or fingerprint modules. Each protocol was chosen because the module supports it and it uses the fewest pins.
What is the operating voltage of the circuit?
The controller and most sensors work at 5 V (ESP boards and some modules at 3.3 V). The battery powers the board, and a regulator steps it down. Motors and relays get their own supply line so they do not reset the controller.
Is your system open-loop or closed-loop?
Mainly open-loop: the controller runs the actuators for a set time or number of steps. Adding a sensor for feedback would make it closed-loop and more accurate.
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Want to build Path Planner Robot for Indoor Positioning using RF Ranging?
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