E&TC / ECE · Robotics and drone · Final year project
Robotic Solar Lawn Mower with Theft Detection
A solar-charged robotic lawn mower. Ultrasonic sensors detect garden edges so it mows in a zigzag pattern to cover the whole lawn, and an alarm sounds if someone tries to steal it.
What is the Robotic Solar Lawn Mower with Theft Detection project?
A solar-charged robotic lawn mower. Ultrasonic sensors detect garden edges so it mows in a zigzag pattern to cover the whole lawn, and an alarm sounds if someone tries to steal it.
Key facts
- Branch
- Electronics & Telecommunication (E&TC / ECE); also suits Electrical, Mechatronics
- Type
- Final year project · Intermediate
- Suitable for
- Diploma capstone and B.E / B.Tech final year
- Build time
- 4 to 6 weeks
- Estimated component cost
- ₹4,400 – ₹6,500
- Guidance from
- ₹9,999 (Hardware / IoT Final Year)
How the Robotic Solar Lawn Mower with Theft Detection works
- Rechargeable battery and Solar panel supply the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V.
- The Ultrasonic sensor measures distance to an obstacle or a liquid surface using sound echoes.
- The Arduino Uno R3 reads the inputs, runs the decision logic written in C/C++ and drives the outputs.
- The GSM module sends SMS alerts or makes calls to the registered phone number using a normal SIM card.
- The DC geared motor provides the driving motion.
- The Motor driver lets the low-current controller run the motors forward, reverse and at variable speed.
Block diagram
Inputs
Ultrasonic sensorController
Arduino Uno R3Communication
GSM moduleOutputs
DC geared motorMotor driverComponents list and cost
Typical prices from Indian online stores and electronics markets (Lamington Road, Budhwar Peth, SP Road). Buy from one store where you can to save on shipping.
| Component | Qty | What it does | Approx. cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arduino Uno R3 | 1 | Reads the inputs, runs the decision logic written in C/C++ and drives the outputs. | ₹550 |
| Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) | 1 | Measures distance to an obstacle or a liquid surface using sound echoes. | ₹90 |
| GSM module (SIM800L) | 1 | Sends SMS alerts or makes calls to the registered phone number using a normal SIM card. | ₹450 |
| DC geared motor | 1 | Provides the driving motion. | ₹250 |
| Motor driver (L298N) | 1 | Lets the low-current controller run the motors forward, reverse and at variable speed. | ₹180 |
| Rechargeable battery (12 V 1.3–7 Ah) | 1 | Stores energy and supplies power when mains is absent. | ₹650 |
| Solar panel (10–20 W) | 1 | Converts sunlight into electricity to power or charge the system. | ₹900 |
| Charge controller module | 1 | Charges the battery safely and stops overcharging. | ₹250 |
| Cutting blade | 1 | Cuts the material. | ₹300 |
| Passive components, PCB and wiring kit | 1 | Resistors (assorted), capacitors (assorted), PCB / breadboard and cables, connectors and jumper wires. | ₹310 |
| Wiring, PCB, soldering and enclosure | 1 | Project overhead | ₹450 |
| Demo model base / mounting board | 1 | Project overhead | ₹500 |
| Testing spares and replacements | 1 | Project overhead | ₹300 |
| Estimated total | Varies with brand, quality and city | ₹4,400 – ₹6,500 |
Prices are estimates for budgeting. We confirm the bill of materials when your design is frozen, and components are charged at actual cost with bills.
How much does this project cost?
| Option | What you get | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Components only | You buy the parts and build it yourself | ₹4,400 – ₹6,500 |
| Hardware / IoT Final Year | Working model or guided build, Circuit diagram and bill of materials, Firmware / code with explanation | from ₹9,999 + components |
| Capstone Project (CPE) | Working project or model, Black book in MSBTE format, Step-by-step explanation | ₹9,999 + components |
| Diploma ITR | 100% working source code, Project report PDF, PPT | ₹1,999 + components |
No GST and no hidden charges. Use the cost calculator for a quote with your deadline and add-ons, or see all plans.
Download the project brief (PDF)
Summary, working, components and cost and viva questions on one branded PDF to show your guide or team. To get it developed, contact us on WhatsApp.
What you submit with this project
- Working model with circuit diagram and program code
- Project report or black book in your university's chapter order (block diagram, circuit, calculations, results)
- Presentation for the review and final viva
- Synopsis for topic approval, if your college asks for one
E&TC / ECE viva questions on this project
What is the aim of the Robotic Solar Lawn Mower with Theft Detection project?
A solar-charged robotic lawn mower. Ultrasonic sensors detect garden edges so it mows in a zigzag pattern to cover the whole lawn, and an alarm sounds if someone tries to steal it.
Explain the working of your project in short.
Rechargeable battery and Solar panel supply the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V. The Ultrasonic sensor measures distance to an obstacle or a liquid surface using sound echoes. The Arduino Uno R3 reads the inputs, runs the decision logic written in C/C++ and drives the outputs. The GSM module sends SMS alerts or makes calls to the registered phone number using a normal SIM card.
What microcontroller is on the Arduino Uno and what are its key specifications?
The Uno uses the ATmega328P: 8-bit, 16 MHz clock, 32 KB flash, 2 KB SRAM, 14 digital I/O pins (6 PWM) and 6 analog inputs with a 10-bit ADC.
How does the ultrasonic sensor measure distance?
It sends a 40 kHz pulse and measures the time until the echo returns. Distance = (time × speed of sound 343 m/s) ÷ 2. The HC-SR04 works from 2 cm to about 4 m.
How does the GSM module send an SMS?
The microcontroller sends AT commands over serial, for example AT+CMGF=1 to select text mode and AT+CMGS with the phone number followed by the message. The module transmits it over the mobile network.
Why is a geared motor used?
The gearbox reduces speed and multiplies torque, so a small DC motor can move a vehicle or mechanism smoothly. Torque increases roughly by the gear ratio.
Why can't the motor be connected directly to the microcontroller?
A motor needs far more current (hundreds of mA to amps) than a controller pin can supply (about 20–40 mA). The H-bridge driver switches the motor current and allows direction control.
Explain the block diagram of your project.
The input section senses the real-world quantity, the Arduino Uno R3 processes it according to the program, and the output section acts locally and sends the data or alert wirelessly. The power supply section feeds every block.
Which communication protocols are used between the modules?
UART (serial) for the GSM, GPS, Bluetooth or fingerprint modules. Each protocol was chosen because the module supports it and it uses the fewest pins.
What is the operating voltage of the circuit?
The controller and most sensors work at 5 V (ESP boards and some modules at 3.3 V). The battery powers the board, and a regulator steps it down. Motors and relays get their own supply line so they do not reset the controller.
How did you calculate the power rating of your system?
Using P = V × I for each load, adding a margin of 20 to 25%. The solar panel is sized from the daily energy need divided by about 5 peak sun hours in India. Battery capacity is the energy needed per day divided by the battery voltage and allowable depth of discharge.
Is your system open-loop or closed-loop?
Closed-loop: sensors measure the actual position, distance or condition and the controller corrects the actuators until the target is reached.
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