E&TC / ECE · Healthcare electronics · Final year project
Wearable Health Monitoring System
A battery-powered wearable band that monitors heart rate. An ATmega microcontroller reads the pulse sensor, shows it on the display and shares it over Bluetooth.
What is the Wearable Health Monitoring System project?
A battery-powered wearable band that monitors heart rate. An ATmega microcontroller reads the pulse sensor, shows it on the display and shares it over Bluetooth.
Key facts
- Branch
- Electronics & Telecommunication (E&TC / ECE); also suits Instrumentation, Biomedical
- Type
- Final year project · Intermediate
- Suitable for
- Diploma capstone and B.E / B.Tech final year
- Build time
- 4 to 6 weeks
- Estimated component cost
- ₹3,300 – ₹4,800
- Guidance from
- ₹9,999 (Hardware / IoT Final Year)
How the Wearable Health Monitoring System works
- Rechargeable battery and 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supply the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V.
- The Pulse oximeter sensor measures heart rate and blood oxygen (SpO2) from the fingertip.
- The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch.
- The ATmega328P microcontroller with base board is the brain of the circuit: it samples the sensors, compares readings with set limits and switches the outputs.
- The Bluetooth module links the circuit to a smartphone app so the user can send commands or receive readings.
- The 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter shows readings, status and messages to the user.
- The LEDs indicate status.
Block diagram
Inputs
Pulse oximeter sensorPush buttons and switchesController
ATmega328P microcontroller with base boardCommunication
Bluetooth moduleOutputs
16×2 LCD with I2C adapterLEDsComponents list and cost
Typical prices from Indian online stores and electronics markets (Lamington Road, Budhwar Peth, SP Road). Buy from one store where you can to save on shipping.
| Component | Qty | What it does | Approx. cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATmega328P microcontroller with base board | 1 | Is the brain of the circuit: it samples the sensors, compares readings with set limits and switches the outputs. | ₹350 |
| Pulse oximeter sensor (MAX30102) | 1 | Measures heart rate and blood oxygen (SpO2) from the fingertip. | ₹300 |
| Push buttons and switches | 2 | Provide manual inputs and the power switch. | ₹80 |
| Bluetooth module (HC-05) | 1 | Links the circuit to a smartphone app so the user can send commands or receive readings. | ₹280 |
| 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter | 1 | Shows readings, status and messages to the user. | ₹220 |
| LEDs (assorted) | 1 | Indicate status. | ₹20 |
| Rechargeable battery (12 V 1.3–7 Ah) | 1 | Stores energy and supplies power when mains is absent. | ₹650 |
| 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer | 1 | Supplies stable low-voltage power from the mains. | ₹250 |
| Passive components, PCB and wiring kit | 1 | Crystal oscillator, resistors (assorted), capacitors (assorted), transistors / MOSFETs, cables, connectors and jumper wires, diodes, PCB / breadboard and ICs and IC sockets. | ₹445 |
| Wiring, PCB, soldering and enclosure | 1 | Project overhead | ₹450 |
| Demo model base / mounting board | 1 | Project overhead | ₹500 |
| Testing spares and replacements | 1 | Project overhead | ₹300 |
| Estimated total | Varies with brand, quality and city | ₹3,300 – ₹4,800 |
Prices are estimates for budgeting. We confirm the bill of materials when your design is frozen, and components are charged at actual cost with bills.
How much does this project cost?
| Option | What you get | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Components only | You buy the parts and build it yourself | ₹3,300 – ₹4,800 |
| Hardware / IoT Final Year | Working model or guided build, Circuit diagram and bill of materials, Firmware / code with explanation | from ₹9,999 + components |
| Capstone Project (CPE) | Working project or model, Black book in MSBTE format, Step-by-step explanation | ₹9,999 + components |
| Diploma ITR | 100% working source code, Project report PDF, PPT | ₹1,999 + components |
No GST and no hidden charges. Use the cost calculator for a quote with your deadline and add-ons, or see all plans.
Download the project brief (PDF)
Summary, working, components and cost and viva questions on one branded PDF to show your guide or team. To get it developed, contact us on WhatsApp.
What you submit with this project
- Working model with circuit diagram and program code
- Project report or black book in your university's chapter order (block diagram, circuit, calculations, results)
- Presentation for the review and final viva
- Synopsis for topic approval, if your college asks for one
E&TC / ECE viva questions on this project
What is the aim of the Wearable Health Monitoring System project?
A battery-powered wearable band that monitors heart rate. An ATmega microcontroller reads the pulse sensor, shows it on the display and shares it over Bluetooth.
Explain the working of your project in short.
Rechargeable battery and 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supply the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V. The Pulse oximeter sensor measures heart rate and blood oxygen (SpO2) from the fingertip. The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch. The ATmega328P microcontroller with base board is the brain of the circuit: it samples the sensors, compares readings with set limits and switches the outputs.
Why is a microcontroller used in this project?
A microcontroller combines a CPU, memory and I/O pins on one chip, so a single low-cost IC can read sensors, make decisions in code and control loads without a computer.
How is the heart rate measured optically?
Red and infrared LEDs shine into the finger and a photodetector measures the light absorbed by blood. Each heartbeat changes the blood volume, so the reflected light pulses at the heart rate.
Why is a pull-up resistor needed with a push button?
Without it the input pin floats and reads random values. The pull-up keeps it HIGH until the button connects it to ground.
How does the HC-05 Bluetooth module communicate with the microcontroller?
It uses UART serial at 9600 baud by default. Data typed in the phone app is received by the module and passed to the controller's RX pin as serial characters.
Why is an I2C adapter used with the LCD?
It reduces the wiring from about 10 pins to 2 (SDA and SCL), leaving more controller pins free for sensors.
Explain the block diagram of your project.
The input section senses the real-world quantity, the ATmega328P microcontroller with base board processes it according to the program, and the output section acts locally and sends the data or alert wirelessly. The power supply section feeds every block.
Which communication protocols are used between the modules?
UART (serial) for the GSM, GPS, Bluetooth or fingerprint modules, I2C for the display, RTC or motion sensor (only SDA and SCL lines) and analog inputs read by the ADC for the analog sensors. Each protocol was chosen because the module supports it and it uses the fewest pins.
What is the operating voltage of the circuit?
The controller and most sensors work at 5 V (ESP boards and some modules at 3.3 V). The battery powers the board, and a regulator steps it down. Motors and relays get their own supply line so they do not reset the controller.
What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
Accuracy is how close a reading is to the true value. Precision is how close repeated readings are to each other. A sensor can be precise but inaccurate if it is not calibrated.
How do you ensure patient safety?
The device runs on low-voltage batteries, has no direct mains connection to the patient, uses isolated sensors and limits current through any electrode. Alarms are set for abnormal readings.
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