E&TC / ECE · Robotics and drone · Final year project
Collision Detection Robotic Vehicle Using ARM
A robotic vehicle that avoids collisions. An ultrasonic sensor detects obstacles and an ARM controller stops or steers away, while the user drives it from an Android phone.
What is the Collision Detection Robotic Vehicle Using ARM project?
A robotic vehicle that avoids collisions. An ultrasonic sensor detects obstacles and an ARM controller stops or steers away, while the user drives it from an Android phone.
Key facts
- Branch
- Electronics & Telecommunication (E&TC / ECE); also suits Mechatronics
- Type
- Final year project · Advanced
- Suitable for
- Diploma capstone and B.E / B.Tech final year
- Build time
- 6 to 8 weeks
- Estimated component cost
- ₹8,900 – ₹13,100
- Guidance from
- ₹9,999 (Hardware / IoT Final Year)
How the Collision Detection Robotic Vehicle Using ARM works
- Voltage regulator / buck converter and 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supply the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V.
- The Ultrasonic sensor measures distance to an obstacle or a liquid surface using sound echoes.
- The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch.
- The STM32 board provides a fast 32-bit ARM processor for timing-critical control.
- The Bluetooth module links the circuit to a smartphone app so the user can send commands or receive readings.
- The DC geared motor provides the driving motion.
- The Motor driver lets the low-current controller run the motors forward, reverse and at variable speed.
- The 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter shows readings, status and messages to the user.
- The LEDs indicate status.
Block diagram
Inputs
Ultrasonic sensorPush buttons and switchesController
STM32 boardCommunication
Bluetooth moduleOutputs
DC geared motorMotor driver16×2 LCD with I2C adapterLEDsComponents list and cost
Typical prices from Indian online stores and electronics markets (Lamington Road, Budhwar Peth, SP Road). Buy from one store where you can to save on shipping.
| Component | Qty | What it does | Approx. cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| STM32 (Blue Pill) board | 1 | Provides a fast 32-bit ARM processor for timing-critical control. | ₹450 |
| Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) | 1 | Measures distance to an obstacle or a liquid surface using sound echoes. | ₹90 |
| Push buttons and switches | 2 | Provide manual inputs and the power switch. | ₹80 |
| Bluetooth module (HC-05) | 1 | Links the circuit to a smartphone app so the user can send commands or receive readings. | ₹280 |
| DC geared motor | 2 | Provides the driving motion. | ₹500 |
| Motor driver (L298N) | 1 | Lets the low-current controller run the motors forward, reverse and at variable speed. | ₹180 |
| 16×2 LCD with I2C adapter | 1 | Shows readings, status and messages to the user. | ₹220 |
| LEDs (assorted) | 1 | Indicate status. | ₹20 |
| Voltage regulator / buck converter | 1 | Provides a steady voltage to the controller and sensors. | ₹80 |
| 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer | 1 | Supplies stable low-voltage power from the mains. | ₹250 |
| Mild steel frame and fabrication | 1 | Forms the main structure that holds all parts. | ₹2,500 |
| Robot chassis (metal / acrylic) | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹1,100 |
| Wheels / castor wheels | 4 | Allow the machine or vehicle to move. | ₹1,600 |
| Li-ion battery pack (18650 × 3, 11.1 V) with BMS | 1 | Needed for this type of build. | ₹1,400 |
| Passive components, PCB and wiring kit | 1 | ICs and IC sockets, crystal oscillator, resistors (assorted), capacitors (assorted), transistors / MOSFETs, cables, connectors and jumper wires, diodes and PCB / breadboard. | ₹445 |
| Wiring, PCB, soldering and enclosure | 1 | Project overhead | ₹450 |
| Demo model base / mounting board | 1 | Project overhead | ₹500 |
| Testing spares and replacements | 1 | Project overhead | ₹300 |
| Estimated total | Varies with brand, quality and city | ₹8,900 – ₹13,100 |
Prices are estimates for budgeting. We confirm the bill of materials when your design is frozen, and components are charged at actual cost with bills.
How much does this project cost?
| Option | What you get | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Components only | You buy the parts and build it yourself | ₹8,900 – ₹13,100 |
| Hardware / IoT Final Year | Working model or guided build, Circuit diagram and bill of materials, Firmware / code with explanation | from ₹9,999 + components |
| Capstone Project (CPE) | Working project or model, Black book in MSBTE format, Step-by-step explanation | ₹9,999 + components |
| Diploma ITR | 100% working source code, Project report PDF, PPT | ₹1,999 + components |
No GST and no hidden charges. Use the cost calculator for a quote with your deadline and add-ons, or see all plans.
Download the project brief (PDF)
Summary, working, components and cost and viva questions on one branded PDF to show your guide or team. To get it developed, contact us on WhatsApp.
What you submit with this project
- Working model with circuit diagram and program code
- Project report or black book in your university's chapter order (block diagram, circuit, calculations, results)
- Presentation for the review and final viva
- Synopsis for topic approval, if your college asks for one
E&TC / ECE viva questions on this project
What is the aim of the Collision Detection Robotic Vehicle Using ARM project?
A robotic vehicle that avoids collisions. An ultrasonic sensor detects obstacles and an ARM controller stops or steers away, while the user drives it from an Android phone.
Explain the working of your project in short.
Voltage regulator / buck converter and 12 V power adapter / step-down transformer supply the circuit; a regulator gives the controller and sensors a steady 5 V. The Ultrasonic sensor measures distance to an obstacle or a liquid surface using sound echoes. The Push buttons and switches provide manual inputs and the power switch. The STM32 board provides a fast 32-bit ARM processor for timing-critical control.
What is the advantage of a 32-bit ARM controller?
It runs at 72 MHz with more memory and hardware peripherals, so control loops, filtering and communication run faster and more precisely than on an 8-bit controller.
How does the ultrasonic sensor measure distance?
It sends a 40 kHz pulse and measures the time until the echo returns. Distance = (time × speed of sound 343 m/s) ÷ 2. The HC-SR04 works from 2 cm to about 4 m.
Why is a pull-up resistor needed with a push button?
Without it the input pin floats and reads random values. The pull-up keeps it HIGH until the button connects it to ground.
How does the HC-05 Bluetooth module communicate with the microcontroller?
It uses UART serial at 9600 baud by default. Data typed in the phone app is received by the module and passed to the controller's RX pin as serial characters.
Why is a geared motor used?
The gearbox reduces speed and multiplies torque, so a small DC motor can move a vehicle or mechanism smoothly. Torque increases roughly by the gear ratio.
Explain the block diagram of your project.
The input section senses the real-world quantity, the STM32 board processes it according to the program, and the output section acts locally and sends the data or alert wirelessly. The power supply section feeds every block.
Which communication protocols are used between the modules?
UART (serial) for the GSM, GPS, Bluetooth or fingerprint modules, I2C for the display, RTC or motion sensor (only SDA and SCL lines) and analog inputs read by the ADC for the analog sensors. Each protocol was chosen because the module supports it and it uses the fewest pins.
What is the operating voltage of the circuit?
The controller and most sensors work at 5 V (ESP boards and some modules at 3.3 V). The battery powers the board, and a regulator steps it down. Motors and relays get their own supply line so they do not reset the controller.
Is your system open-loop or closed-loop?
Closed-loop: sensors measure the actual position, distance or condition and the controller corrects the actuators until the target is reached.
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